Health- Charts path to detection,treatment in Nigeria

Living with chronic diseases in Nigeria

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Terseer adamu (Review)

They are silent killers. They cut down Nigerians in their prime. They are the major causes of sudden deaths in the country. Hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases or rather cardiovascular diseases and their attendant consequences of stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure are here to stay. CHUKWUMA MUANYA examines recent efforts towards finding solutions to the menace.

AZUBUIKE Mba was a 40-year-old banker with one of the old generation banks in Lagos. Azubuike stood at five feet six inches, weighed 130 kilogrammes with waist circumference of 46 centimetres.

  Azubuike was married for 12 years to Ngozi, also a banker, without children. He drank at least four bottles of beer daily with sticks of cigarette to cap the habit.   

  He rarely exercised, but moved from his air-conditioned house into his factory fitted air-conditioned car then the office with equally cooler conditions, and back the same route after work.

  Azubuike slumped and died in his office last month. Autopsy showed that he died of heart attack. 

   Azubuike represents millions of Nigerians with high risk of developing complications of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), chronic or rather degenerative diseases such as heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, diabetic leg ulcer, limb amputations, cancer, arthritis, among others.

  According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), an estimated 17.3 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2008, representing 30 per cent of all global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.2 million were due to stroke. 

  However, medical experts, assembled by Pfizer Nigeria & East Africa Region (Pfizer NEAR), have identified hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia (high fat/cholesterol level), cigarette smoking, obesity and sedentary living as modifiable risk; while family history, age and gender as the non-modifiable risk factors. 

  The team of medical experts led by Consultant Nephrologist and Medical Director of Ibadan Hypertension Clinic, Emeritus Professor Oladipo Akinkugbe, at the Cardiovascular Summit organised recently by Pfizer Nigeria, Ghana and East Africa Region recommended preventive strategies, which include control of high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure through the modification of dietary habits and government‘s support especially in the discouragement of western dietary habits through its food and health regulatory agencies.

  The aim of the sixth Pfizer Cardiovascular Summit was improve awareness and management of common cardiovascular risk factors such as raised blood pressure, raised cholesterol, obesity and lifestyle by stimulating debate, discussion and education.

  The Cardiovascular Summit provided a forum for the advancement of medical knowledge and patient care. The summit brought together international and local healthcare professionals to deliberate on the new and emerging trends in the nature, diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria.

  Other members of the team included Chief Consultant Nephrologist at the National Hospital, Abuja, Professor Sunday Bwala, Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at the University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, United States, Professor Sam Dagogo Jack, Medical Director/Chairman of the Country Medical Council, CMC of Pfizer Worldwide Bio-Pharmaceutical Businesses, Dr. Kodjo Soroh and Country Manager Pfizer Nigeria & East Africa Region, Carl Engleman.

  The team predicted an imminent health tsunami in Nigeria if nothing was done urgently to address the rising cases of NCDs and their complications.

  To address the situation, the medical experts called for a nationwide epidemiological mapping of NCDs such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, kidney failure, arthritis among others and national programmes that would encourage physical activities like walking and sports.

  They also called for integration of the fight against NCDs into Vision 20:2020 with establishment of set targets as well as timeframes in resemblance of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

  Dagogo –Jack said: “The ravages of hypertension and diabetes on the African continent can be seen daily in the faces of our people who have suffered a stroke or heart failure or developed kidney failure or lost a leg from amputation. These dreaded consequences could be avoided by preventing and effectively managing diabetes and hypertension. We have the knowledge to do both; the question is - do our leaders and society have the awareness and will to harness resources to tame the scourge of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and stroke in our land?”

  Engleman reiterated Pfizer’s continuous commitment to education of physicians and the general public. “As the world’s largest pharmaceutical company, Pfizer is committed to working in partnership with healthcare providers, governments and stakeholders to improve patient care. Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to public health in Nigeria with significant impact on people and communities. The aim of the CV Summit is improve awareness and management of common CV risk factors such as raised blood pressure, raised cholesterol, obesity and lifestyle by stimulating debate, discussion and education,” he said.

 Soroh, said: “The Cardiovascular Summit is part of Pfizer’s contribution to the advancement of medical knowledge and patient care in the region. This further exemplifies the commitment of Pfizer to world-class medical education, capacity building and excellence in service to the Nigerian health sector.  This platform will provide healthcare practitioners an avenue to engage in robust discussions on the latest trends in cardiovascular disease, its management, encourage use of general treatment guidelines and recommendations for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease.”

  Akinkugbe said: “As night follows day, the so called NCDs are going to set in. A wise country is going to be proactive. It is already knocking at the door. It is going to be a health tsunami if we don’t take concrete steps to prevent it, because the wherewithal to prosecute medical remedy is often not there. The after events like kidney failure is often beyond the reach of developing countries even the developed ones are struggling. Therefore if we can put measures to prevent these diseases, then we will be saving hundreds of millions….

  “Adequate detection is extremely important. It is not just going to the teaching hospital and checking blood pressure but you have to go round the country, to the rural areas. That was what we tried to do 20 years ago. We went round the country to see 20,000 persons selected from rural, semi urban areas and we had a map of hypertension, diabetes. But the parameters today have changed. We use 160/95mmHg for hypertension mapping and we found that four million Nigerians were hypertensive.

  “The situation will certainly be worse today because lifestyles of the average Nigeria have changed. We are living more sedentary lifestyles and Western diets. Our own future must be in our own hands and the preventive measures are quite cheap.

  “The risk factors are the same. One of the things we could do will be to set some targets even tie it to Vision 20:2020 that by a certain date we will be able to reduce cardiovascular diseases by a certain percentage. It is achievable and measurable.”

  Akinkugbe said that detection was critical and the country needed to update the epidemiological studies done 20 years ago. “We need to define the situation and do it through a proper epidemiological study. Once you do that, then you begin to put in place measures. Four million Nigerians as at that time were with hypertension. Any measures to detect must be accompanied with measures to treat. Setting targets is important because there is need to update in detection and get to definite recommendations and the primary health centres ate the Local Government Areas are the major engine rooms towards achieving this,” Akinkugbe said.

  Bwala said: “We need to have some king of national policy on the part of government. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) in fact came out with some kind of document in December last year that is the National Programme for the Prevention of Stroke, but it never saw the light of the day because of the way it was approached and it was earlier said that the technology already existed with the GSM companies. 

  “In fact the driver that took me to the airport gave a result he got from MTN in partnership with Nigerian Society of Nephrology. Just a single page with his bio-data, his blood pressures, sugar, lipids, family history of diabetes and high blood pressure and I told him what to do and what not to do. That sort of partnership is needed because the outreach of the GSM is incredible right into the nook and crannies of this country. So we should exploit it to the fore because these things are very easy to detect. 

  “We are trying to influence the FMOH to come out with a policy and partner with the major multinational Pfizer for instance. That way we can really address the problem holistically. Screening the members of the National Assembly and Ministries Departments and Agencies (MDAs) is just an individual thing, it doesn’t cover the society but it is useful, because they are the policy makers and they are already scared now that their members are dropping dead. So they are in a very receptive frame of mind for proposals. 

  “I think we should make some kind of submission to the National Assembly and the FMOH to include their decision of broad coverage of the society. That way we can begin to address the problem before the ‘Tsunami’.”

  Jack added: “What you cannot measure, you cannot tackle. There is need to make the LGAs operate as bureau of health statistics where they can train people with template from medical experts. There is also need to partner with industries because most of the drugs are not manufactured locally and are very costly. The type of hypertension we have here tend to be salt sensitive so we need to watch our salt intake.”

Source: http://www.ngrguardiannews.com

Nigeria has the highest number of out of school children in the world-Facts behind the figures

MILLION CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL : Facts behind the figures

The report that Nigeria has the highest number of out of school children in the world, has once again buttressed the need for the Federal Government to address the issue as a national emergency, so as to reverse the dangerous slide to illiteracy.

 CHARLES KUMOLU & LAJU ARENYEKA

Terseer adamu (Review)

IF the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, UNESCO, were to be asked what national problem is the least likely to be addressed in the next five years, the agency would perhaps point at the near absence of the a vibrant, progressive and qualitative educational system in Nigeria.

This is because the United Nations agency believes that the nation accounted for almost a fifth of the world’s out-of-school children. This startling revelation, was made known by  Kate Redman, Communications Specialist, Education for All Global Monitoring Report, EAGMR, of UNESCO.

According to her, the amount of aid to basic education Nigeria received in 2011 was 28 per cent lower than it received in 2010. She said new statistics showed that 57 million children were out of school globally in 2011, which was a drop from two million in 2010.

Redman further said that assistance to basic education had decreased for the first time since 2002, adding that the world must move beyond helping children enter school to  ensuring that they learn the basics. While this did not come as a surprise, following the undisputed consensus on the level of decadence in the sector, many are worried that a nation with an  unbroken history of educational reforms, could be ranked as having the highest out-of-school children globally.

For instance, findings by VaguardFeatures,VF, showed that educational reforms predated the nation’s independence, as the then colonial government of Sir John  Macpherson, initiated  reforms in 1954.

A national crisis
Buttressing this, a report by an educationalist at the Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, Dr. Bello Gusau, titled: Educational Reforms in Nigeria: Successive Years of Inconsistences and Confusions said: “Nigeria has witnessed several educational reforms which started at pre-independence.  It was to the credit of Nigerians notably agitators for self- rule that led the British colonial rulers to change the educational system in operation in 1954 from 8-6-2-3 system that is eight year primary, six year secondary, two year higher school certificate and three year university to a new system 6-5-2-3 that is six year primary, five year secondary, two year higher school certificate and three year university.”

Notwithstanding this history, it is the believe of many that the UNESCO report has succeeded in bringing to global attention the need to regard the issue as a national crisis.

Though the statistics does not appear  generally acceptable, the Federal Government has said that it would not challenge the data. “We will not challenge such statistics. What is most important to us is to address the main issue and that is let every Nigerian child be in school, that is our target,” Minister of Education, Professor Ruqayyatu Rufa’i said when she received a UNESCO  delegation  in Abuja.

She said the ministry plans to reduce the number of out-of-school children significantly between now and 2014 as Nigeria has the highest number of such children in the world.  The FG’s position notwithstanding, the matter has continued to dominate contemporary discourse among stakeholders, who are saddened by the comatse state of the sector, particularly basic education.

The National Coordinator, Education Rights Campaign, ERC, Mr. Hassan Soweto described the statistics as an understatement, adding that the number is much more than data presented by UNESCO. Accordingly, he told VF that, “10.5 million is an understatement. We at the ERC believe that the number is much more than that. This is a country that is not even sure of its total population. Even states that claim to give free education don’t do so in a natural sense. There are a lot of fees that students still have to pay.

“In Lagos State for example, teachers keep two registers for one class, so that it won’t be too obvious that there are more than 40 people in each class. The first threat to education is the fact that most parents are so poor that they need their children to do menial jobs just to keep body and soul together. In the former South west region, we were able to win the war against illiteracy 50 years ago. It is such a shame that in this time and age, we are struggling with an issue as important as basic education. The constant privatization of education over the past few years has made it difficult for a lot of parents to sponsor their children through school.”

But a former Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Bayero University Kano, Prof. Munzali Jibril said the nation does not need to agree with the figures to know that the issue has assumed alarming dimension. “The out of school kids issue is a well known one, whether we agree with the figures given by UNESCSO or not, you only have to walk round the streets of Northern Nigeria to find hundreds of Almajiris begging, and the girls hawking. enrollment statistics are appalling, there are some states who are small in total population, but have large number of out of school kids,” he noted.

Resistance to western education
Continuing, Jibril said: “Historically, there has been resistance to western education in the north, especially in rural areas, so that could be one of the reasons for this predicament. Another reason could be the high rate of unemployment in the country. I find it quite ironic that the figures have been rising since 1999 when we entered the democratic era, because I think that these politicians are doing better for education than the military.”

However, the Director of Whitefield High School, Mr. Luke Onyeanula, who operates a thriving private school in Lagos,  questioned the statistics, adding the advent of private schools has been a boost to the education sector.

Private schools bridging the gap:  “I don’t agree with the statistics because if you go to the various communities, you will find schools beings established and the fees are being brought down so that people can afford it. With that the level of illiteracy is being reduced. We have tried the much we can to ensure that students are not scared away by school fees. So, how does the report reflect the reality in the education sector, when the private sector is establishing schools in every nook and cranny of the country. The government needs to give proper attention to basic education in order not to give room for this type of report. Individuals , should be encouraged to establish schools in order to provide affordable education, “ he added

Onyeanula is not alone in this regard, another educationist and a retired Principal of Federal Government College, Gwandu, Dr. Sylvanus Okoto, is angry that the FG calmly accepted the statistics, with an ‘unrealistic’ pledge to tackle the issue.

“We should not accept everything that emanates from these agencies. Though I am not too concern about that I am worried that the government has once again made bogus promise of addressing the issue, when it is obvious that the state of the sector today is because of government’s insincerity. All over the world, the ability to allocate sufficient resources for a programme remains the greatest challenge that a programme can have. This is also the case with the funding of basic education in Nigeria. When the system is not properly funded to encourage mass enrollment, what do you expect in a country where a greater percentage live on less than one dollar a day?” he said

This however, implies that there is a nexus between proper funding and the increasing number of out-of-school children in the country,’’ he noted.

Strengthening this, a 2009 by report S.O. Labo-Popoola, A.A. Bello and F.A. Atanda, titled:  Universal Basic Education in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward, said: “It is evident that the Federal Government has not spent up to 15% of its total budget on education in the last 10 years of uninterrupted democracy. The highest allocation so far was in 2008, when it allocated 13%. This pattern of allocation, as mentioned-above, which is below the UNESCO’s threshold that is 26% of the total budget is certainly affecting the implementation of government’s policy on education and in particular the Universal Basic Education since its inception.”

Issue as national emergency: Nonetheless, further checks showed that across the nation, stakeholders want the government to address the issue as a national emergency.

‘’On solutions, Jibril said: “UBE already requires compulsory education for primary school children. It is not enough to simply pass these acts, such acts must be fully implemented. State governments especially should continue to expand facilities to accommodate students. Even though the public sector has no excuse not to provide quality education, the private sector also has a role to play too. Private schools do this in two ways: they contribute financially with the tax to the education trust fund, as well as provision of alternative facilities for children of the elite to pay their fees, thereby creating better opportunities for others in the public schools,” Jibril told VF.

Soweto also shared same view on the way forward. He said: “The only solution is for the government to see basic education as a priority, as an indispensable tool for economic and social development. What really is the purpose of government?

Source: http://www.vanguardngr.com

CRIME-Nigera Oil-Vadals operating and fatching petroleum product

NNPC disagrees with Shell on $700m loss

Emma Ujah, Abuja Bureau Chief

Terseer adamu(Review)

ABUJA — Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC, has disagreed with claims that Shell lost $700 million to oil theft in the second quarter of the year.

NNPC said in a statement by the corporation’s Acting Group General Manager, Public Affairs Division, Ms. Tumini Green, in Abuja, yesterday, that Shell’s claim was “defective” and that the loss the multinational oil firm claimed to have suffered was not based on its operations in Nigeria.

NNPC described Shell’s argument that its current divestment was due to harsh operating environment and absence of leadership in the oil industry as defective and rooted on weak syllogism.

According to NNPC: “Mergers, acquisition and divestment, MAD, is a global portfolio management strategy employed by mostly big corporations to restructure and reposition companies for better and efficient revenue growth and competition.”

It wondered anybody “could canvass such position when the multinational oil companies themselves, especially Shell, have repeatedly stated that part of the reasons for divestment of its assets was a deliberate measure to encourage and promote indigenous participation in the upstream oil and gas industry.

On Shell’s report

“With regard to claims by Shell that it lost $700 million by the second quarter of 2013 to crude oil theft and other disruptions in Nigeria,” NNPC said “the loss claims are not localised to Nigeria as reported.

“Shell’s acquisition of Shale oil and gas assets in North America has also proven not to be good investments and as such programmed for divestment to minimise risk.

“In order to further buttress the global challenges, Shell’s current tight oil output is 50,000 barrels per day, bpd, as against an estimated 250,000bpd in the United States.

“Furthermore, ExxonMobil’s Q2 2013 earnings were down substantially by 57 percent year-on-year primarily due to prior year gains, Japanese restructuring and divestment.”

NNPC said that Shell’s divestment were a blessing in disguise for the nation as they “have in fact increased indigenous participation which will in turn create new job opportunities, reduce capital flight, encourage capacity building and support gas-based industrialisation aspirations.”

‘We’re winning war against oil theft, vandalism’

It claimed that the nation was winning the war against oil theft and pipeline vandalism, which was being led by the Minister of Petroleum Resources, Mrs. Diezani Alison-Madueke and the leadership of the corporation.

Consequently, the conglomerate disclosed that daily crude oil production had increased to an average of 2.4 million pbd.

It said: “Suffice it to say that some vandalised pipelines and flow stations have been repaired and re-opened such that average current national daily production stands at 2.4 m/bpd compared to the average year to date figure of 2.13 m/bpd as at June 2013.”

The corporation traced the current success to the minister’s directive to NNPC to constitute an industry-wide committee on Security Strategy Against Crude Oil and Product Theft.

That committee’s members include representatives from NNPC, all IOCs, NPDC, security agencies and Oil Producers Trade Section, OPTS, of the Lagos Chambers of Commerce and Industry, LCCI.

Production projections

NNPC said: “In a fortnight, repair works on the Nembe Creek Trunk Line, which has a daily capacity of 150,000 bpd is expected to be fully completed.

“On completion, daily average crude oil production is expected to increase to 2.50 m/bpd which will exceed the national daily target of 2.48 m/bpd.

“Our expectation is to increase production from the 2.48 to 2.55 m/bpd (both crude and condensate) for the rest of the year. We have the capacity and potential to maintain production above 2.55 m/bpd in the country.

“All that is required is to continue the fight against pipeline vandalism and crude oil theft to achieve this target. This will increase our 2013 average production to about 2.34 m/bpd if the current fight against pipeline vandalism and crude oil theft is sustained.”

The corporation restated its determination to work with all stakeholders in the oil and gas industry to ensure effective management of the nation’s vast hydrocarbon resource base.

NNPC expressed gratitude to security agencies that have been collaborating with its team and assured that it was determined to sustain this tempo to free the nation’s oil resources from every form of criminality.

Source: http://www.vanguardngr.com

69-year old man who spends his days at a bus-stop.

Meet 69-Year old Warri bus stop tenant

Terseer adamu (Review) 

For over six months now, Inside NigerDelta has been on the trail of a 69-year old man who spends his days at a bus-stop.NIGERIA MY COUNTRY, brings you the world of Pa Isaac Ogbunemo, the bus stop tenant, whose condition reminds us of a need for old people’s homes.

His case evokes pity. From a distance, a passer-by will take him for the ubiquitous mentally deranged, but he is not. Perhaps the inclement socio-economic weather had only taken its toll on him. He fastidiously gazes at passers-by, mouth sealed, but his heart longs for alms. With his thick grey hair so conspicuous on his head, moustache and beard; one is informed that he has seen quite some days on earth. His eyes are agedly dim; his set of teeth, revealed at a smile, are multi-coloured, portraying some years of neglect, but obviously stuffed with the remains of every victual that has ever gone under the great human grinders!

 This is the pathetic picture of Mr Isaac Ogbunemo, an indigene of Eku near Ughelli, Delta State. For over six months, this reporter has sighted and studied the man along the popular Warri/Sapele Road. His abode is a bus stop directly by the fence of the Nigerian Navy Ship (NNS Delta) and directly opposite Conoil filling station. Fear of whether the man was psychiatrically challenged or not had hindered this reporter from accosting him. His appearance is that of a short man with some mental challenge.

 Isaac is often in shorts and T-shirts, which, this reporter learnt, are not got directly from care givers or sympathizers, but from benevolent dunghills. Come rain or shine, his abode is the bus stop that has no windows nor doors. It is open to inclement weather, marauding hoodlums and creeping venomous reptiles. An orphan of a sort, Isaac Ogbunemo is a victim of fate and his existential struggle to make a mark as a farmer, according to him, was defeated at his early effort in life. Call him “Isaac the Obscure,” you may be right as everything about him evokes pathos and, at times, some humour.

 His life is fast ebbing away. He has no relation. His parents had died while he was still an infant. With no wife let alone children, Isaac lives in between abject poverty and penury. By his side are nylon bags stuffed with used and worn-out clothes, used plastic plates and cups. A few of the pieces of cloth serve Pa Ogbunemo as bed spread and cover cloth. The cement concrete seat built to serve as temporary seats for passengers is his bed. He said he feels no body pains from his regular sleep on the improvised hard bed.

Pa Ogbunemo does not go to barber’s shops; he does his shaving himself, using razor blade with dexterity. His teeth, though effectively put to use, but badly managed, is a potpourri of rainbow colours. He defecates, according to him, at a nearby bush; takes his bath from the river by the naval base, but urinates just behind his “mansion.”

Meanwhile when asked if he had a roof over his head, Pa Ogbunemo  said he had none. “I have no house to live in.” He told Inside NigerDelta that he was living in a house behind the Conoil Plc directly opposite his abode, the bus stop. According to him, he lost his more comfortable abode when the owner, a woman, who had had mercy on him, died July last year.

As an orphan with one sibling except some of his relatives who are resident in the village, the 69-year-old Urhobo said he was really not aware if  any of his siblings was still living in their village at Eku, near ughelli. This is because, according him, he left home early 2000.

The thought that indolence might have brought about his suffering may be far fetched. This is because Pa Ogbunemo said he was a farmer who grew yam for a living and commercial purposes. He disclosed that he came to Warri to seek greener pastures, but even at that, he could not rent a house.

How does he fend for himself? Pa Ogbunemo does not beg as others do.  While enjoying some goodwill from well wishers in kind and cash, he does his cooking right inside the bus stop-turned residential quarters. “ People usually give me money. I eat any kind of food I see; I sometimes buy, “ he noted. The haggard-looking old man added: “ If I hungry, I buy Gesher, buy some raps of fufu and use the can fish and its stew to eat it  or sometimes I buy bread and eat it with groundnut and go to sleep.”

As earlier stated, the old an looks like a mad man from a distance, but this is not true. While engrossed in the discussion with this reporter, passersby could not come to terms with the way the man was responding to questions so intelligently and with a sound mind. He betrayed no sign of psychiatric imbalance; he looked more like a victim of the harsh economic and political weather of the country. He is no doubt one out of thousands of Nigerians wantonly stagnated, neglected and traumatized by unfriendly economic policies.

Unlike several other bus stops dotting Warri/Sapele Road, territorially conquered by youthful but mentally challenged individuals, the abode of Pa Ogbonemo often plays host to other mentally challenged loafers. Beside his corner are some luggage meant for some other lunatics who, due to exhaustion from walking the length and breadth of the ancient town, stop over to take some rest, sometimes even naps.

When asked to comment on how he thought people viewed him at the bus stop, Pa Ogbunemo  had this to say: “They look at me anyhow; this does not really concern me; whether they think I am mad or not is their problem, not mine. Everybody has their own life, so anybody can laugh at me, but nobody knows tomorrow.”

The present cold in Warri is excruciatingly taking its toll on the man at the bus stop. While speaking with the old man, his breath was heavy. Often he jerked, coughed and sneezed . Although an addict of alcohol and tobacco at a time, Pa Ogbunemo now lives a clean life only with a longing to have it blissful at twilight.

Pa Ogbunemo’s life is ebbing away into the parlous precipice, but he could be salvaged by well-meaning Nigerians. With old people’s homes being hard to come by in this clime, who bells the cat? He craved a helping hand from the compassionate governor of the state, Dr Emmanuel Uduaghan.

“If I can see the governor, I will ask him to help me; I heard he is very kind and compassionate. I need a home, who knows if I can still have a family of my own? I still fit born now if I get wife,” Pa Ogbunemo stated amid laughter.

Born in the month of August, believed to be a metaphor of ‘a new beginning’, the hopeful Ogbunemo needs a new beginning to have a taste of the sunny side of life from kind hearted Nigerians.

Source: http://www.tribune.com.ng